Principles of John Rawls Theory of Justice: The first principle is known as “equal liberty principle”. The Greek conception of justice was the virtue of soul and injustice its vice. Equality and freedom have generally been portrayed as two conflicting concepts, mainly because in order to achieve equality redistribution of resources is necessary and this would inevitably interfere with the liberty of those who have an abundance of resources and wealth. John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), in his work, On Liberty, was the first to recognize the difference between liberty as the freedom to act and liberty as the absence of coercion.. Liberty and equality are two of the most important principles in politics, as they are part of the foundation of our society. The distinction between the two has always been blurred, and today the concepts are often used interchangeably. To both Plato and Aristotle justice meant goodness as well as willingness to obey laws. This is a crucial difference between liberty and the soul-crushing, paternalistic snares that are offered as alternatives. Difference between freedom and liberty is a puzzling topic as there are several interpretations of the difference between the two words. 6. On the difference between the process concept of justice and the end‐ state concept, see Nozick (1974: 153–60). Consequently, freedom and liberty have become two words that are often confused when it comes to their meanings and connotations. Thomas Jefferson wrote about “liberty and justice for all.” He also was a slaveholder. I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. The Greeks looked upon justice as virtue in action and therefore a virtue. Besides all the statues of Lady Justice, Themis, and Justitia in courthouses across the U.S. (and world), the much revered Statue of Liberty bears a close resemblance to the ancient goddesses of justice. It connoted correspondence of rights and duties. Life without liberty is unthinkable. Mr. Jefferson held about 200 men, women, and children in bondage1 at any given time. Both words appear in the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. As enslaved people, they did not have the right to come and go as they pleased, and most of the time slaves were not paid for the work that they did. Equality in justice is a primary condition of justice. A magistrate who convicts a poor thief but acquits the one who is rich, ascribing the guilt of the latter to a nervous disease does so because of differences in the economic status of the two, though the nature of offence in both the cases is the same. This principle guarantees basic political and liberties such as freedom of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of religion, the right to hold personal property, etc. Justice was the ideal of perfection in human relationships. Liberty is the only social, political, or economic arrangement that requires that we live to high standards of conduct and character and rewards us when we do so. Even in antiquity the personification of Justice goddesses changed to fit the times or the needs and beliefs of the writers. It states that each person has an equal right to the most basic liberty. What is the difference between a liberty and a right? In his book Two Concepts of Liberty, Isaiah Berlin formally framed the differences between two perspectives as the distinction between two opposite concepts of liberty: positive liberty and negative liberty. The Justice Gap: Measuring the Unmet Civil Legal Needs of Low-income Americans report explores the “justice gap,” the difference between the civil legal needs of low-income Americans and the resources available to meet those needs in 2017. Discussions about freedom and liberty – as well as the important distinction between negative and positive liberties, which form the bedrock of the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights – have become quite quaint, as people use these words in Orwellian fashion to justify a litany of government intrusions in our lives. However, they …
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